Impact of early interventions on the development of children with autism spectrum disorder

Abstract

Introduction: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) can be defined as a complex developmental disorder with multiple etiologies and varying degrees of severity. The main characteristics of ASD are persistent impairments in social interaction and reciprocal communication, along with restricted and repetitive patterns of behavior, activities, and interests. Furthermore, symptoms appear from early childhood and may impair or limit the individual’s daily functioning. Objective: To establish the importance of early interventions in children with ASD, which contribute to a better prognosis. Method: An integrative literature review conducted through database searches, including studies published between 2017 and 2023. Results: A positive relationship was observed between early interventions in children with ASD and better clinical outcomes. Some studies suggest that the earlier the intervention is carried out, the better the results. An association was also identified between the children’s pre-existing characteristics and the magnitude of the benefits obtained. Additionally, there was a positive correlation between the active involvement of parents and caregivers and the effectiveness of the intervention. Conclusions: Early interventions, combined with the active participation of parents and caregivers, are associated with a better prognosis in children with ASD, especially when initiated as early as possible and tailored to the child’s individual characteristics.