Burnout among healthcare professionals

a literature review on causes and coping strategies

Abstract

Healthcare professionals face various stressors, such as long working hours, limited resources, traumatic situations, and insufficient institutional support, factors that contribute to the development of burnout syndrome.This condition is characterized by physical, emotional, and mental exhaustion, depersonalization, and reduced personal and professional accomplishment. It is associated with a higher incidence of depression, suicidal ideation, absenteeism, occupational accidents, and a decline in the quality of care provided. This study conducted an integrative review aiming to identify the causes of burnout among healthcare professionals and analyze the coping strategies adopted. The research was carried out in the PubMed database between 2020 and 2025, using the descriptors “Burnout” and “Healthcare Professionals” in both Portuguese and English, from which eight articles were selected. The studies showed that ineffective coping strategies increase vulnerability to burnout, whereas individual interventions, such as cognitive-behavioral therapy, mindfulness, and relaxation techniques proved effective in reducing stress, strengthening interpersonal relationships, and improving well-being. However, there is a highlighted need for institutional measures that reorganize work routines, enhance organizational support, and promote practices that foster mental health, engagement, and resilience among healthcare professionals. Thus, integrating individual and organizational strategies is essential for the prevention and management of burnout.